Networking Tutorial

The CTDP Networking Guide Version 0.6.3

Introduction

This networking tutorial is primarily about TCP/IP network protocols and ethernet network architectures, but also briefly describes other protocol suites, network architectures, and other significant areas of networking. This networking tutorial is written for all audiences, even those with little or no networking experience. It explains in simple terms the way networks are put together, and how data packages are sent between networks and subnets along with how data is routed to the internet. This networking tutorial is broken into five main areas which are:

1. Basics - Explains the protocols and how they work together
2. Media - Describes the cabling and various media used to send data between multiple points of a network.
3. Architecture - Describes some popular network architectures. A network architecture refers to the physical layout (topology) of a network along with the physical transmission media (Type of wire, wireless, etc) and the data access method (OSI Layer 2). Includes ethernet, Token Ring, ARCnet, AppleTalk, and FDDI. This main area of the networking tutorial can and should be skipped by those learning networking and read later.
4. Other Transport Protocols - Describes IPX/SPX, NetBEUI, and more.
5. Functions - Explains some of the functionality of networking such as routing, firewalls and DNS.
6. Further Details - Gives information about some protocols not covered in the "Basics" section. In the future, it will include more information about packet fragmentation and re-assembly along with more details about UDP and especially TCP and TCP connections.
7. More Complex functions - Documents multicasting, dynamic routing, and network management
8. Applications - Documents how some of the applications work such as ping and traceroute. In the future, it will cover telnet, Rlogin, and FTP.
9. Other Concerns - Includes installing drivers, network operating systems, applications, wide area networks, backing up the network and troubleshooting the network.
10. References - Includes a reference list of terms, RFCs and recommended reading.

The reader may read this networking tutorial in any order, but for beginners, it would be best to read through from the beginning with the exception of sections 2 (media), 3 (architecture), and 4 (other). At some point, however, the reader should be able to break from the basics and read about routing and IP masquerading. There are no links to various reading material or software packages inside this networking tutorial, except under the references section. This is because it is more structured, and makes it easier to keep the networking tutorial current.

This networking tutorial will first talk about the network basics so the reader can get a good grasp of networking concepts. This should help the reader understand how each network protocol is used to perform networking. The reader will be able to understand why each protocol is needed, how it is used, and what other protocols it relies upon. This networking tutorial explains the data encapsulation techniques in preparation for transport along with some of the network protocols such as IP, TCP, UDP, ICMP, and IGMP. It explains how ARP and RARP support networking. In functional areas, such as routers, several examples are given so the user can get a grasp on how networking is done in their particular situation. This networking tutorial covers routing, IP masquerading, and firewalls and gives some explanation of how they work, how they are set up, and how and why they are used. Firewalls and the available packages are described, but how to set them up is left to other documentation specific to the operating system and the package. Application protocols such as FTP and Telnet are also briefly described. Networking terms are also explained and defined.

This networking tutorial explains the setup of networking functions using Linux Redhat version 6.1 as an operating system (OS) platform. This will apply to server functions such as routing and IP masquerading. For more documentation on setting up packages, read documentation on this web site and other locations specific to the operating system and the package. If you know how to set up other operating servers such as Windows NT, you can apply the information in this networking tutorial to help you understand how to configure services on that OS platform.

This networking tutorial was written because I perceived a need for a basic networking document to explain how these networking services work and how to set them up, with examples. It will help a novice to learn networking more quickly by explaining the big picture concerning how the system works together. I have seen much good networking documentation, but little that explains the theory along with practical setup and applications.

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